Teak distributors in Ghazipur

We are huge supplier of Teak Plants in India for any details Call us on : 9651263333 or 9453278562

(How Teak grow : growth habit)

The process over a year(12 months) can be divided into three phase:

Resting phase(summer) : young Teak stops growing. In this phase because of the dry season, water deficiency made physiological action abnormal and matures (Dormancy phase.)

Active-growing phase.(Rainy) : Teak are growing fast because of a most suitable climate and soil moisture content. The increments in DBH. and volume, are 80% of total increment in the year.(start from early to late rainy season)
Slow-growing phase(winter) : Growth of Teak becomes slower until they enter in to dormant phase with falling leaves because of decreasing rainfall and temperature.
Teak grew fast during the first 5 years with the mean annual increments of 0.5-2.5 cm./DBH. and 0.5-2.3 m. in height respectively.
Teak is a highly positive tree species which needs adequate sunlight during every stage of its growth, or a light demanding tree species.
Teak is a tropical deciduous forest tree species. The species is a number of the family Verbena.
Growth of Teak is more vigorous in deep, well drained alluvium soil found a long the banks of rivers and also the foot of ridges.

TEAK PLANTATION

ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF TEAK.
Teak can grow on a variety of soil. It develops best on well drained, deep and fertile soils, especially on volcanic substrate or on alluvial soils of various origins. The optimum soil pH is between 6.5 -7.5 The calcium magnesium and phosphorus content in the soil is another important factor and its deficiency results in stunted growth optimum rainfall for teak range between 1,250 and 3750 mm. the species requires a dry season of at least 4 months with less than 60 mm. precipitation(Kaosa-ard,1981)

The maximum and minimum temperatures are 43 degree and 13 degree respectively. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained alluvial soils, hard lateric and clayey soils are unsuitable.

Plantation sites should be select at lower altitudes,(<500 m.) on well drained soil and in areas with low incidence of strong wind.(typhoons). Slope is not exceeding 30 degree. Poor drained water logging and saline soil are unsuitable.

Remark :

Above an altitude of 700 m. teak may surfers from frost and wind damage, which retards growth significantly. Soils suitable for growing teak should be at least 60 cm. thick, loose and fertile, with surface stratum of more than 10 cm., a humus content of 20 percent. Land with sticky sub soil and pH of below 5.0 and slope are more than 30 degree should be a voided.

SITE SELECTION FOR GOOD TEAK PLANTATION. (GOOD SITES)
Annual rainfall 1,750-2,500mm.

Attitudes 400-600m.

Soil type Red mountain laterite/fertile soil.

Soil pH pH 5.8 6.8

Soil dept >1.5 m./well drained soil.

A humus contents >5%

Slope 5-20 degree(good slope and valleys)

Wind moderate

Mean temp. 19.4 degree.

Plant indicators bamboo mixed forests.

Frost no frost.

PLANTATION LAYOUT.
Plantation
Nature and ecological balance.
Block and road design and drainage system.
1 block = 32 ha.

Road width = 10 m. and do not longer than 400 m.

Fire break = 10 m.

THE SPACING.
The following planting design options are recommended for establishment a teak plantation.

Spacing 2×4 m. = 1,250 teak/ha.
Easiest and cheapest planting design to establish.
Suitable where mounting and drainage lines is to be taken.
Thinning must taken into account the spacing between final crop-trees. The final selection of vigorous, healthy trees with relatively even spacing.
Good weed control is essential to promote early growth and successful establishment.

THE FROM PRUNING.(2-3 YEARS)
De- budding and pruning of side branches is necessary in young plantations to improve the value of the basal timber.
A strong and straight leader(axis) needs to be selected and the others sprouts trimmed.
Sometimes planted stumps produce multiple shoots of which only the most vigorous one is kept.
Remark : equipment and tools for pruning.

Epicormic knife removal of stem epicormic branch with knife or by hand.

Pruning shear.

THE FERTILIZING. (1-3 YEARS.)
Do not fertilize newly-planted trees too soon. The application must be very light and broadcast evenly, but not against the stems of the trees. Apply to moist soil 1-2 month post-planting. Weeds are controlled prior to fertilizing.

As soon as the trees are established and start growing, fertilizer must be applied regular to the quantities given as below.

During 1ST
– Fist weeding(100 cm.) after planting 30 days. Application NPK 10 gm./tree(1 table spoonful) distance 20 cm. from Teak stem(3 points). Put in to soil deep 5-10 cm.(when soil has moisture content only) after rainy day.

– Second weeding (100 cm.) after planting 60 days-90 days, application NPK 30 gm/tree(2 table spoonful) distance 30-40 cm. from Teak stem(3 points). Put in to soil deep 5-10 cm.(when soil has moisture content only) after rainy day.

During 2nd year, NPK 50 gm/tree in 2 times, (when soil has moisture content only.) after weeding and soil working. Mulching and soil working are combined during the last weeding.
During 3rd year, NPK 100 gm/tree in 2 times(after rainy day) after weeding and soil working. Mulching and soil working are combined during the last weeding.
Remark : This is only a guideline. Correct fertilization can be only be applied according to the soil analysis for young trees and leaf analysis for matured trees.

7. THE ESTABLISHMENT.

7.1 The nursery.

-The quality of the Teak trees grow in the nursery determines the success of an plantation. Teak seedling that received poor or incorrect treatment in the nursery will log behind in the plantation, and die easily.

-The vigorous seedling, the better the root system will have developed and the greater the chances of successful establishment.

7.2 Seedling transportation.

-Teak seedling from a nursery should already have been hardening.

-Plant the trees as soon as possible ; if keep too long they may become root-bound or supper from nutrient deficiencies.

-Do not place the trees in the sun because the containers will become hot and the roots could be burn even before planting.

-Handle with care for a long distance. Keep safety moisture content, out of the sun and wind, a 90% of survival rate can be expected.

7.3 Land preparation.

-Wood cutting.

-Burning.

-Collecting and re-burning.

Land preparation should be clean and clear before rainy season about 4 months.(Pre planting.)

The clearing of the areas is done by hand or tractor D.6 and started early enough in the dry season to be finish before the rain season. One man clear about 1 ha./month.

The slash must have dried for 2 to 4 weeks before burning. Usually a second burn must be done after un-burnt and thicker slash has been pulled together.

7.4 Bamboo pegs supply.(1,250 pegs/ha.)

The position of each Teak stump is pegged with a piece of bamboo about 1 m. high. A spacing 2×4 m. is recommended. Hopefully, this spacing will result in a better stem form, self pruning, compared with the parent trees.

7.5 Line marking.(2×4 m.)

Line marking direction should be made along the contour line and along the stream.

7.6 Planting and Early care.

Growing trees well requires a mixture of skills, training and obtaining the right technical information is important and 95 % survival rate.

7.6.1 Poly bags seedlings.

-After proper soil preparation the holes for planting should be large enough for the bag containing the tree to fit in side.(30x30x30 cm.)

-Cut the bags at bottom side open before planting to ensure that the trees have well-developed roots systems and the roots are undamaged.

-Planting day should be made after heavily rainfall and soils deeply wet condition.

-Do not plant the Teak trees deeper than it was planted in the bag and plant the trees upright.

-After heavy rainfall, check water logging at the base of the trees.

7.6.2 Stumps seedlings.

-Avoid injuries to roots of stumps seedlings.

-The stumps are out-planted easily by plugging them in to the ground. Under favourable grown conditions, the survival rate can be as high 95 % and the high growth of the coppice from the planted stumps is between 0.75 to 1 m. at the end of first growing season.

-Planting periods should be on overcast and rainy day during the rainy season. Attention should be paid to the following:

(a) Seedling should be deeply planted, early in the rainy season. And planting should be take place during wet conditions.

(b) After seedling have been planted(30 days), planting hole should be make soil earthed up and made like a turtle back to prevent water logging and gathering, which care server influence survival. Drainage lines 1 m. from planting trees should be practice, also.

Warning ; potential hazardous situation from water logging, if not a voided, could result in death or serious injury.

7.7 Maintenance and Tending.

-1st weeding & replanting.(spot weeding 1 m.)

-1st fertilizing.(see article 6)

-2nd weeding.(line weeding 2 m.)

-2nd fertilizing.(see article 6)

-3rd weeding.(clear weeding)

-4th weeding.(clear weeding)

Tending of young Teak plantation ; Scarifying soil, weeding, expanding planting pits and earthing soil like turtles back are done for planting at the rainy season.

4 times weeding are recommended in the first growing season, weeding of competing vegetable and cutting of climber wines is necessary. Sometimes planted stumps produce multiple shoots of which only the most vigorous one kept.

7.8 Fire protection.

Fire protection is a very important part of Teak plantation practice. Each years planting are should be protected by a fire line of 10 m. wide which is cleared of all vegetation. It is advisable to provide fire protection during each dry season. Fire is also associated with, erpicormic branching, some loss of soil nutrients and humus, and leaves the surface soil exposed to erosion. Repeated fires may reduce considerably the site potential, thus causing a decrease in growth rate and the tree susceptible to insects attack.

(See table 1. work plan for the establishment and check lists.)

TENDING FOR 2-3 YEARS OLD.

Tending 2-3 years.

The purpose of this activity is to establish high value forest both in volume quality by the end of rotation age and keep the soil fertility as well as to maintain the environment quality. Site deterioration and erosion, Teak indicated by slow growth, badly shaped stems and light crowns. Rain falling on bare ground, causes displacement of soil particles. Serious erosion was observed under some stands wherever soil are unprotected by under story of vegetation.

8.1 From pruning.(details in article 5)

8.2 1st weeding & replanting.(spot weeding 1 m.)

8.3 1st fertilizing.(details in article 6)

8.4 2nd weeding.(line weeding 2 m.)

8.5 2nd fertilizing.(details in article 6)

8.6 3rd weeding.(clear weeding)

8.7 4th weeding.(clear weeding)

8.8 Fire protection.(see article 7.8)

(See table 2. work plan for 2-3 years old and check lists.)

WORK PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEAK PLANTATION. (details in table 1)
WORK PLAN FOR 2-3 YEARS OLD OF TEAK PLANTATION. (details in table 2)
PROJECTED YIELD PER HA. FOR TECTONA FORESTS OF ZAMBEZIA. (details in table 3)
12 MANPOWER PER HA.

SILVICULTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF TEAK PLANTATIONS.

Management strategies
Teak is an obligate light-demanding species throughout its life cycle. Inferior trees are readily suppressed if stand density is too high. Accordingly, plantations must be thinned regularly and heavily, particularly in the first half of the rotation. Initial planting density is generally between 1,200 and 1,600 plants per hectare.

The spacing of trees and the number, timing and intensity of thinnings strongly affect the pattern of growth and the yield of the plantation. If thinning is practiced late, growth rate decline or cease, whereas if the stand is thinned too early or too heavily, the trees have a greater tendency to produce side branches and epicormic shoots. This also reduces the potential yield of the plantation since growth is diverted from the main stem, which should be free from defects such as those caused by side branches and epicormic shoots.

The timing of the first thinning is often determined by the height of the trees and is commonly carried out when the trees reach 9.0 to 9.5 m. The second thinning may be carried out when the trees reach 17 to 18 m.

The site generally has a carrying capacity independent of initial stocking rates and thinning regimes. The carrying capacity is measured in terms of the basal area(the average cross-sectional area of all trees per unit of land). It is possible to identify the thinning regime necessary to achieve a certain basal area on and area of land by retaining a minimum number of trees. The mean basal area is often allowed to reach 20 to 22m2 per hectare after the second thinning. A third thinning is then carried out to reduce the mean basal area to 13 to 15 m2 per hectare. Thinning and pruning operations have a strong effect on the yield and quality of timber. To produce long boles free from knots, the usual strategy is to keep stands closed using high-density plantings, which remain untwined for the first three or four years of the plantation. The objective is to minimize the size of the crowns and the side branches in order to improve the quality and appearance of the timber and, thereby, its value.

Overall, it is desirable to thin the stand to the number that is optimal for reduction of undue competition and for the best growth of the remaining trees. A final stocking of about 300 trees per hectare would be the ideal.

Quality of plantation-grown Teak
It has been alleged that Teak obtained from plantations is of inferior physical quality relative to Teak obtained from the natural forest. More variability in wood quality has been observed in Teak obtained from the natural forest than in plantation Teak, and this is undesirable from the point of view of use. The general notion prevailing among Teak uses is that fast-growing Teak produces only light, weak and spongy wood (Bryce, 1966). However, studies conducted at the Forest Research Institute in Dehra Dun, India, do not support this view. Although plantation trees grow faster than forest trees, it has been shown that the relationship between growth rate and strength is not significant.

Studies by Sanwo(1986) based on dominant, and subdominant trees from a 27 year-0ld Teak plantation in Nigeria showed that the rate of growth has no significant influence on specific gravity. Teak wood is generally stronger at the upper and lower ends and comparatively week at intermediate heights. A study on 20-year-old Teak trees grown in plantations in wet areas in India gave similar results.

Other studies have indicated that wood density and mechanical properties are independent of growth rate or that fast-grown trees of ring-porous species have higher wood density and strength . More recently, a study on the wood properties of fast-grown plantation Teak trees of different ages revealed that there were no significant differences in wood density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE) or maximum crushing stress. It was concluded that young trees(13 to 21 years of age) are not necessarily inferior in wood density and strength to older trees aged 55 and 65 years, and hence that the rotation age of fast-grown Teak wood can be reduced without affecting the timber strength.

Various products such as glue-edged boards, furniture, doors and small Teak wood arte facts have been made from thinning materials, showing that even sapwood can be used to produce high-quality objects.

TEAK LOG PRICE.
Teak is one of the most valuable of the tropics. It is extensively used for ship building, furniture, carving and numerous other purposes. The properties of Teak which make it so valuable are lightness with strength, stability, durability, ease of working without cracking and splitting, resistance to termites, resistance to fungi, resistance to weather and non-corrosive properties. The physical and mechanical properties of Teak timber are also similar to or even superior to other well-known timbers of the temperate region.

Myanmar Teak (Aug. 2006)
– Veneer quality.

2nd Quality 1,71,105 Rs/m3.

3rd Quality 1,52,134 Rs/m3.

4th Quality 1,30,457 Rs/m3.

– Sawing quality.

sg-1 97,173 Rs/m3.

sg-2 83,814 Rs/m3.

sg-4 56,059 Rs/m3.

Thai Teak(2005)
– Plantation Teak.

20 years 61,000 Rs/m3.

15 years 51,850 Rs/m3.

Costa Rica Teak(2005)
-Plantation Teak.

10 years. = 36,051 Rs/m3. (0.3269 m3/tree)

15 years. = 63,196 Rs/m3. (0.5489 m3/tree)

20 years. = 1,36,091 Rs/m3. (0.8639 m3/tree)

India Plantation Provides all types plants in India and Abroad

Serving Greenery Globally

Teak distributors in Ghazipur

India Plantation Provides all types plants in India and Abroad is the best way to find & discover great local businesses